<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klajn, Maryla</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Forced Returns of Polish Citizens: Cross-Border Transfers on the Polish–German Border in the Context of the Discretionary Powers of the Border Guards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central and Eastern European Migration Review</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Border Guard</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-border transfers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deportability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deportation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">discretion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forced returns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intra-Schengen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">removal of EU nationals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-142</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Schengen area tends to be commonly misconstrued in the public perception as being &amp;lsquo;border-free&amp;rsquo;, defined by the unrestrained mobility of people, goods and capital. In reality the so-called &amp;lsquo;internal borders&amp;rsquo; are still marked by a fervour of activities, conducted by the various national state agencies created for the purpose of territorial protection. Identity and migration checks &amp;ndash; which often strikingly resemble pre-Schengen border checks &amp;ndash; special crime-prevention tasks and transnational operations of police-type forces, detention and the unrelenting transfers of asylum-seekers and forced returns of illegalised migrants (also of EU nationals) are only a few among the many responsibilities of the various border-guard formations. This paper, based on data from fieldwork with the street-level Polish Border Guards working in the Intra-Schengen border region on the Polish&amp;ndash;German border, analyses the impact of different levels of institutional discretion: official, local and individual, with a particular focus on the officers&amp;rsquo; behaviour and decision-making and on the role of discretion within the policy implementation of a specific procedure. Analysing the phenomenon of the forced returns (deportations) of EU nationals within the Schengen area, this paper exposes the nature of the little-known practice of cross-border transfers. It focuses on the phenomenon of a forced return of Polish citizens from Germany, specifically on the micro-level moment of transfer of custody between the German Federal Police (Bundespolizei) into the hands of the Polish Border Guards (Straż Graniczna) on the Polish&amp;ndash;German border, looking at the procedural variations and the decision-making of the officers, especially in the context of its street-level echelon and its practical contribution to the concept of deportability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;2 March 2020&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;4 May 2021&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;21 June 2021&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom4></record></records></xml>