02294nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158300001100227490000700238520153600245653001901781653001601800653002101816653002601837653001601863653001901879653002901898100002201927856012701949       2023                        eng d  a2300-168200aWhat Do Citizens Do? Immigrants, Acts of Citizenship and State Expectations in New York and Berlin0 aWhat Do Citizens Do Immigrants Acts of Citizenship and State Exp  a81-1020 v123 a<p style="text-align: justify;">Governments make assumptions about immigrants and then craft policies based on those assumptions to yield what they hope will be effective naturalisation outcomes: state security and trustworthy citizens. This study examines the thoughts, experiences and opinions about citizenship and civic engagement, drawing on a dataset of 150 one-hour interviews with permanent residents and naturalised citizens in New York and Berlin in 2004&ndash;2010 and again 2016&ndash;2020. It includes those who have naturalised or hold immigration statuses necessary for naturalisation (i.e., those who can and will naturalise, those who can but will not naturalise and those rejected for naturalisation or who do not meet eligibility requirements). I explore how immigrants participate as citizens and privileged non-citizens. My findings include the fact that immigrants define civic engagement &ndash; what &lsquo;citizen&rsquo; participation means and who participates &ndash; more broadly and narrowly than anticipated. Immigrant perceptions of naturalisation and what becoming a citizen meant to them, and how naturalisation personally affected modes of participation. Defensive citizenship stimulated naturalisation but was deemed insufficient in contemporary New York and Berlin to protect immigrants and their engagement. State-designed naturalisation processes ignore immigrants&rsquo; perspectives and performative modes of citizenship and, thus, ineffectively select the citizens states say they want.</p>10acitizen-making10acitizenship10acivic engagement10adefensive citizenship10aintegration10anaturalisation10aperformative citizenship1 aHarper, Robin, A.  uhttps://ceemr.uw.edu.pl/content/what-do-citizens-do-immigrants-acts-citizenship-and-state-expectations-new-york-and-berlin